new and updated articles | journal articles and book chapters from 1975 | infed articles from 1996
Picture: Bellevue and Braehead, St Margaret’s Hope, Orkney
new and updated articles
Understanding the housing crisis in Scotland – and the actions we must take to put things right. We have witnessed a long-running and comprehensive failure in housing policy across Britain. Scotland’s record is better than that seen south of the border – but is now in danger of failing badly. Mark K Smith explores what is going wrong – and what can be done so that all can have decent homes. This piece will also be available in the following formats: pdf (A4), mobi (kindle) and epub (kobo etc) – click to download. [November 2024]
Mary Augusta Ward / Mrs Humphry Ward and the Passmore Edwards Settlement. Mary Augusta Ward aka Mrs Humphry Ward was one of the best-known writers of her day. She was also a key pioneer in the settlement movement and the development of provision for children with disabilities and for play. Alongside this Mary was an advocate for the rights of women, yet she opposed the extension of the right to vote to them. We explore her life and contribution, and the settlement she founded. [Major update 2024]
Exploring Social Action – A walk in Bermondsey and Rotherhithe. This area has experienced severe poverty and disadvantage over the years – and this is reflected in Booth’s maps (1898-99). Settlements, missions and various government bodies have been involved in trying to stimulate change – and some notable innovations were made. However, support and innovation have also come from local people and their organizations. Revised and extended and can be used alongside Charles Booth’s online poverty maps and the current Open Street Map). [Major update 2024]
Why cohousing is good for people and communities – the evidence. Cohousing has been around for fifty years or more. However, it has only become a focus for action and research in Britain and Ireland in the last twenty years or so. Various arguments have been made for it. Here, four key claims and the evidence there is to support them are explored. They are that cohousing:
- reduces social isolation and loneliness.
- fosters agency, mutual aid, and well-being.
- adds to the supply of affordable housing.
- strengthens community life and a sense of place.
- can have significant health benefits. [HCH 2022, 2024]
Journal articles and book chapters 1975-
(1975). ‘The uncharted careers officer’, (with D. Barnes) Careers Quarterly 26(3): 37-38.
(1976). ‘A community approach to careers work training’ Careers Quarterly 27(2): 21-6.
(1980).’A practice for freedom: informal political education and youth work’, Teaching Politics 9(1) 22-35.
(1981).’Learning interpersonal skills. Social group work in schools’, Social Science Teacher 10(4): i-vi.
(1987). ‘Non-formal political education’ in C. Harber (ed.) Political Education in Britain. Lewes: Falmer Press. pp. 74 – 89.
(1987). What future for initial training’ (with Tony Jeffs), Youth and Policy 20: 7-14). (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-20/).
(1989). ‘Youth’ (with Tony Jeffs) in M. Haralambos (ed.) Developments in Sociology Vol. 5. Ormskirk: Causeway Press, pp. 1-20.
(1990). ‘Youth work, Youth Service and the next few years’, (with Tony Jeffs) Youth and Policy 31: 21-29. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-31/)
(1991). ‘In the Service of Youth Revisited’, Youth & Policy 34: 36-40. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-34/)
(1992). ‘Youth’ (with Tony Jeffs) in M. Haralambos (ed.) Developments in Sociology Vol. 8. Ormskirk: Causeway Press. pp. 65-91.
(1992). ‘The possibilities of public life: educating in the community’ in G. Allen & I. Martin (eds.) Education and Community: the politics of practice. London: Cassell, pp. 105-117.
(1992). ‘Putting youth work in its place’ (with Tony Jeffs) Youth and Policy 36: 10-16. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-36/).
(1992). ‘Researchers, practitioners and working with young people around HIV/AIDS’ in P. Aggleton (ed.) Young People and HIV/AIDS Research. Swindon: Economic and Social Research Council.
(1993). ‘Getting the job done. Training for youth work – past, present and future’, (with Tony Jeffs) Youth and Policy 40: 10-32. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-40/).
(1994). ‘Young people, youth work and a new authoritarianism’ (with Tony Jeffs) Youth and Policy 46: 17-32. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-46/).
(1995). ‘Youth’ (with Tony Jeffs) in M. Haralambos (ed.) Developments in Sociology Vol. 11. Ormskirk: Causeway Press. pp. 63-88.
(1995). ‘Developing critical communities of practice’, Groupwork pp. 134 – 151.
(1996). ‘“Getting the dirtbags off the streets” – curfews and other solutions to juvenile crime’ (with Tony Jeffs), Youth and Policy 53: 1-14. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-53/).
(1998). ‘Youth’ (with Tony Jeffs) in M. Haralambos (ed.) Developments in Sociology Vol. 14, Ormskirk: Causeway Press, pp. 55-79, 1998a.
(1999). ‘Informal education and health promotion’ (with Tony Jeffs) in I. Simnett, E. R. Perkins and L. Wright (eds.) Evidence-Based Health Promotion: Principles and practice. Chichester: John Wiley, pp.206-215.
(1999). ‘The problem of youth for youth work’ (with Tony Jeffs), Youth and Policy 62, pp. 45 – 66. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-62/).
(1999). ‘” Tainted money”: ethical dilemmas in the funding of youth and community work’ (with Tony Jeffs) in S. Banks (ed.) The Ethics of Youth Work. London: Routledge, pp. 55-74.
(2000). ‘Informal Education – Classic texts revisited’, Youth and Policy 70, pp 78-90. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-70/).
(2001). ‘Settlements and adult education’ in R. Gilchrist and T. Jeffs (eds.) Settlements, Social Change and Community Action. London: Jessica Kingsley, pp. 123-151.
(2001). ‘Josephine Macalister Brew: youth work and informal education’ in R. Gilchrist, T. Jeffs and J. Spence (eds.) Essays in the History of Community and Youth Work. Leicester: Youth Work Press, pp. 203-220.
(2001). ‘Youth’ (with Tony Jeffs) in M. Haralambos (ed.) Developments in Sociology Vol. 17, Ormskirk: Causeway Press, pp. 77-101.
(2001). ‘Informal education and place’ in L. Deer-Richardson M. Wolfe (ed.) Informal Education and Lifelong Learning: Principles and practice. London: Routledge.
(2002). ‘Individualization and youth work’ (with Tony Jeffs) Youth and Policy 76, pp 39-65. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-76/).
(2002). ‘Socialpædogogik’, Tidskrift for Socialpædogogik, nr 10, pp. 20-26.
(2003). ‘From youth work to youth development. The new government framework for English youth services’, Youth and Policy 79, pp. 46-59. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-79/).
(2004). ‘Eduard C. Lindeman and the meaning of adult education’, Youth and Policy 82 pp. 75-86. (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/y-and-p-82.pdf).
(2005). ‘Beyond the curriculum’ in Zvi Bekerman; Nicholas C. Burbules & Diana Silberman (eds.) Learning in Places: The Informal education reader. New York: Peter Lang USA.
(2005). ‘Voluntary organizations’, in The International Encyclopaedia of Lifelong Learning. London: Palgrave.
(2006). ‘Where is Youth Matters taking us?’, Youth and Policy 91 pp. 23-39 (with Tony Jeffs). (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-91/).
(2007). ‘Social capital’ in Gary McCulloch and David Crook (eds.) The International Encyclopaedia of Education. London: Routledge.
(2007) ‘Youth work and clubs’ in Gary McCulloch and David Crook (eds.) The International Encyclopaedia of Education. London: Routledge.
(2009). ‘Valuing youth work’, Youth and Policy 100 (with Tony Jeffs). (https://www.youthandpolicy.org/y-and-p-archive/issue-100/).
(2009). ‘Why history?’ in Ruth Gilchrist et al. (eds.) Essays in the History of Youth and Community Work. Lyme Regis: Russell House Press.
(2010). ‘Informal education’ in W. Curtis and A. Pettigrew (eds.) Education Studies. Reflective Reader. Exeter: Learning Matters. Pp. 154-9.
(2011). Young people and the 2011 ‘riots’ in England – experiences, explanations and implications for youth work. London: The Rank Foundation.
(2021). The education of informal educators (with Tony Jeffs), Education Sciences.
(2022). Why cohousing is good for people and communities – the evidence. Hope Cohousing.
infed.org articles (1996- )
Smith, M. K. (1996). ‘Race’ and difference – developing practice in lifelong learning, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/race-and-difference-developing-practice-in-lifelong-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1996; 1999, 2010). ‘Andragogy’, the encyclopedia of informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/andragogy-what-is-it-and-does-it-help-thinking-about-adult-learning/.]
Smith, M. K. (1996). Community education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/community-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2005). ‘Community organization’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/community/b-comorg.htm].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2010). Community schools and community schooling’, the encyclopedia of informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/community-schools-and-community-schooling/].
Smith, M. K. (1996). Community studies, the encyclopedia of informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/community-studies/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2001, 2010). ‘David A. Kolb on experiential learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/david-a-kolb-on-experiential-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2005). ‘Detached, street-based and project work with young people’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/detached-street-based-and-project-work-with-young-people/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2011).‘Encounters’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/encounters/].
Smith, M. K. (1996). Experience, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/experience/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2008). Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: pedagogy, education and social justice, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-pedagogy-education-and-social-justice/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2001).‘Learning in the community and community learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/learning-in-the-community-and-community-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2001). Lifelong learning, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/lifelong-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2020, 2024). Marie Paneth – Branch Street, The Windemere Children and art therapy and pedagogy. The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/marie-paneth-branch-street-the-windemere-children-art-and-pedagogy/ ].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2001). ‘Self, selfhood and understanding’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/self-selfhood-and-understanding/].
Smith, M. K. (1996). Self-direction in learning, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/self-direction-in-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1996). ‘The development of folk high schools’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-development-of-folk-high-schools/].
Smith, M. K. (1996 – 2011).‘The functions of supervision’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-functions-of-supervision/].
Smith, M. K. (1996). Thomas Pelham and boys’ clubs, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/thomas-pelham-and-boys-clubs/].
Smith, M. K. (1996; 2001, 2007, 2017).What is action research and how do we do it?’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/action-research/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 1999). What is adult education? The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/what-is-adult-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2006, 2013). ‘What is community development?’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/what-is-community-development/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2006, 2016). ‘Community work’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/mobi/what-is-community-work/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2005).‘Competence and competencies’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/what-iscompetence-and-competency/].
Smith, M. K. (1996, 2000).‘Curriculum theory and practice’ The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, [https://infed.org/mobi/curriculum-theory-and-practice/].
Smith, M. K. (1996). Youth work in schools, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, [https://infed.org/mobi/youth-work-in-schools/].
Smith, M. K. (1997, 2001, 2020). Aristotle on education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/aristotle-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1997, 2004, 2014). ‘Carl Rogers and informal education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/carl-rogers-core-conditions-and-education/. Retrieved: insert date].
Smith, M. K. (1997, 2004, 2020). Eduard Lindeman and the meaning of adult education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/eduard-c-lindeman-and-the-meaning-of-adult-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1997). Emmeline Pethick, Mary Neal and the development of work with young women, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/emmeline-pethick-mary-neal-and-the-development-of-work-with-young-women/].
Smith, M. K. (1997-2011).’Ivan Illich: deschooling, conviviality and the possibilities for informal education and lifelong learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/ivan-illich-deschooling-conviviality-and-lifelong-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1997, 2001). John Dewey on education, experience and community, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/john-dewey-on-education-experience-and-community/].
Smith, M. K. (1997). Kurt Hahn, outdoor learning and adventure education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/kurt-hahn-outdoor-learning-and-adventure-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1997). Maria Montessori and education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/maria-montessori-and-education/].
Smith, Mark K. (1997).‘Participant observation. A guide for educators and social practitioners’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/participant-observation-a-guide-for-educators-and-social-practitioners/].
Smith, M. K. (1997, 2002).‘Paulo Freire and informal education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/paulo-freire-dialogue-praxis-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1997; 2002; 2011). ‘Robert Baden-Powell as an educational innovator’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/robert-baden-powell-as-an-educational-innovator/].
Smith, M. K. (1997, 2007). ‘Viewing Impington – the idea of the village college’, the informal education homepage.[https://infed.org/mobi/viewing-impington-henry-morris-and-the-idea-of-the-village-college/].
Smith, M. K. (1998). Julius Nyerere, lifelong learning and education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/julius-nyerere-lifelong-learning-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1998, 2010). ‘Participation in learning projects and programmes’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. https://infed.org/mobi/participation-in-learning-projects-and-programmes/].
Smith, M. K. (1998, 2020).‘William Goodwin and informal education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/thinkers/et-good.htm].
Smith, M. K. (1999). ‘Aristotle on knowledge’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/aristotle-on-knowledge/].
Smith, M. K. (1999, 2009). ‘Animateurs, animation and fostering learning and change’, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/mobi/animateurs-animation-learning-and-change].
Smith, M. K. (1999). Arthur Sweatman and the idea of the club, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/arthur-sweatman-and-the-idea-of-the-club/].
Smith, M. K. (1999, 2007, 2020). Basil Yeaxlee, lifelong learning and informal education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/basil-yeaxlee-lifelong-learning-and-informal-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1999, 2006).‘Community participation’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/community-participation/].
Smith, M. K. (1999). ‘The humanistic to learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. https://infed.org/mobi/humanistic-orientations-to-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1999, 2008). ‘Informal learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/informal-learning-theory-practice-and-experience/].
Smith, M. K. (1999, 2014). Learning mentors and informal education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/learning-mentors-and-informal-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1999). Lifespan development and lifelong learning, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/life-span-development-and-lifelong-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1999, 2007, 2011). ‘N. F. S. Grundtvig, folk high schools and popular education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/n-f-s-grundtvig-folk-high-schools-and-popular-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1999). Reflection, learning and education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/reflection-learning-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1999). Settlements and adult education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/settlements-and-adult-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1999).‘The behaviourist orientation to learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-behaviourist-orientation-to-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1999). ‘The cognitive orientation to learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-cognitive-orientation-to-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1999). ‘The social/situational orientation to learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-socialsituational-orientation-to-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (1999, 2011). ‘What is praxis?’ in The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/what-is-praxis/].
Smith, M. K. (1999). William Lovett and education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/william-lovett-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (1999, 2006, 2013). ‘Keeping a learning journal. A guide for educators and social practitioners’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/writing-and-keeping-journals-a-guide-for-educators-and-social-practitioners/].
Smith, M. K. (2000, 2012). ‘Association, la vie associative and lifelong learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/mobi/association-la-vie-associative-and-lifelong-learning].
Smith, M. K. (2000, 2013). Camping, summer camps, camp counselors and informal education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/summer-camps-camp-counselors-and-informal-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2000). Charles Dickens and informal education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/charles-dickens-and-informal-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2000, 2004).‘Full-service schooling’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/full-service-schooling/].
Smith, M. K. (2000, 2009). ‘Martin Buber on education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/martin-buber-on-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2000). Robert Raikes and Sunday schools, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/robert-raikes-and-sunday-schools/].
Smith, M. K. (2000-2009). ‘Social capital’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/social-capital/].
Smith, M. K. (2000, 2007).‘The Connexions Service in England’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/personaladvisers/connexions.htm].
Smith, M. K. (2000).‘The theory and rhetoric of the learning society’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-theory-and-rhetoric-of-the-learning-society/].
Smith, M. K. (2000). Toynbee Hall, adult education and association, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/toynbee-hall-adult-education-and-association-2/].
Smith, M. K. (2001).‘Young people, informal education and association’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/young-people-informal-education-and-association/].
Smith, M. K. (2001). Augusto Boal, animation, and education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/augusto-boal-animation-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2013). ‘Chris Argyris: theories of action, double-loop learning and organizational learning’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/chris-argyris-theories-of-action-double-loop-learning-and-organizational-learning/].
Smith, M. K. (2001). Civic community and civic engagement, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/civic-community-and-civic-engagement/].
Smith, M. K. (2001).’Communitarianism and education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/communitarianism-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2001).‘Dialogue and conversation’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/dialogue-and-conversation/].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2011). ‘Donald Schön: learning, reflection and change’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/donald-schon-learning-reflection-change/].
Smith, M. K. (2001). Education for democracy, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/education-for-democracy/].
Smith, M. K. (2001-2009, 2019). How to do a community audit: building profiles using neighbourhood statistics, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/community-profiling/].
Smith, M. K. (2001). ‘Informal and non-formal education, colonialism and development’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [http://infed.org/biblio/colonialism.htm].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2003). ‘Ellen Ranyard (“LNR”), Bible women and informal education’. The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/ellen-ranyard-lnr-bible-women-and-informal-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2006). Evaluation for education, learning and change – theory and practice, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/evaluation-theory-and-practice/].
Smith, Mark K. (2001; 2009). ‘Facilitating learning and change in groups’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/mobi/facilitating-learning-and-change-in-groups-and-group-sessions/].
Smith, M. K. (2001).‘Henry Solly and the Working Men’s Club and Institute Union’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/henry-solly-and-the-working-mens-club-and-institute-union/].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2020, 2024). Josephine Macalister Brew and informal education, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education’. [ https://infed.org/mobi/josephine-macalister-brew-and-informal-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2001). ‘Kurt Lewin, groups, experiential learning and action research’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/kurt-lewin-groups-experiential-learning-and-action-research/].
Smith, M. K. (2001). Learning in organizations – theory and practice, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/learning-in-organizations-theory-and-practice/].
Smith, M. K. (2001). ‘Maude Stanley, girls’ clubs and district visiting’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education [www.infed.org/mobi/maude-stanley-girls-clubs-and-district-visiting/].
Smith, M. K. (2001).‘Peter Senge and the learning organization’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/peter-senge-and-the-learning-organization/].
Smith, M. K. (2001).‘Ragged schools and the development of youth work and informal education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/ragged-schools-a…formal-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2001). Relationship, learning and education in The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education [https://infed.org/mobi/relationship-learning-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2007, 2020). ‘ Richard Henry Tawney, fellowship and adult education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/richard-henry-tawney-fellowship-and-adult-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2007).‘Robert Putnam’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, www.infed.org/thinkers/putnam.htm].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2007).‘The learning organization’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-learning-organization/].
Smith, M. K. (2001, 2002, 2013). ‘Community’ in The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/community/].
Smith, M. K. (2002). ‘Casework and the Charity Organization Society’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/casework-and-the-charity-organization-society-2/].
Smith, M. K. (2002). ‘Community centres (centers).and associations’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/mobi/community-centers-and-associations].
Smith, M. K. (2002, 2012). ‘Erich Fromm: alienation, being and education’ The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. https://infed.org/mobi/erich-fromm-freedom-and-alienation-and-loving-and-being-in-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2002). ‘Ernest Thompson Seton and woodcraft’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, [https://infed.org/mobi/ernest-thompson-seton-and-woodcraft/].
Smith, M. K. (2002, 2008). ‘Globalization and the incorporation of education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/globalization-and-the-incorporation-of-education/.
Smith, M. K. (2002). ‘Hannah More: Sunday schools, education and youth work’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education.[https://infed.org/mobi/hannah-more-sunday-schools-education-and-youth-work/].
Smith, M. K. (2002, 2008).‘Howard Gardner and multiple intelligences’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, https://www.infed.org/mobi/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-and-education].
Smith, M. K. (2002; 2009).‘Informal Education in schools and colleges’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, http://www.infed.org/schooling/inf-sch.htm].
Smith, M. K. (2002). ‘Informal, non-formal and formal education: a brief overview of different approaches’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/informal-non-formal-and-formal-education-a-brief-overview-of-some-different-approaches/].
Smith, M. K. (2002-2020). ‘James Butterworth, Christian youth work and Clubland”, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/james-butterworth-christian-youth-work-and-clubland/.]
Smith, M.K. (2002). ‘Jerome S. Bruner and the process of education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/jerome-bruner-and-the-process-of-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2002). ‘Leonard Barnett and the church youth club’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [ https://www.infed.org/mobi/leonard-barnett-and-the-church-youth-club/].
Smith, M. K. (2002, 2012).’Leonard Barnes and youth work’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/leonard-j-barnes-and-youth-work/. Retrieved: insert date].
Smith, M. K. (2002). ‘Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and andragogy’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/malcolm-knowles-informal-adult-education-self-direction-and-andragogy/].
Smith, M. K. (2002-2020).‘Mary Carpenter, reformatory schools and education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, Last update: December 06, 2012. [https://infed.org/mobi/mary-carpenter-reformatory-schools-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2002, 2020). ‘Mary Parker Follett: community, creative experience and education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/mary-parker-follett-community-creative-experience-and-education].
Smith, M. K. (2002, 2020). ‘Thomas John Barnardo (‘the Doctor’)’ and work with children and young people, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/thomas-john-barnardo-the-doctor/].
Smith, M. K. (2003, 2009). ‘Jean Lave, Etienne Wenger and communities of practice’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/jean-lave-etienne-wenger-and-communities-of-practice/].
Smith, M. K. (2003, 2019). ‘Methodism and youth work’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/methodism-and-youth-work/].
Smith, M. K. (2003). ‘Michael Polanyi and tacit knowledge’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, https://infed.org/mobi/michael-polanyi-and-tacit-knowledge/].
Smith, M. K. (2003). ‘Robert A. Woods: settlements, neighbourhoods and associations’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/robert-a-woods-settlements-neighbourhoods-and-associations/].
Smith, M. K. (2004). ‘Adult schools and the making of adult education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/adult-schools-and-the-making-of-adult-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2004, 2011, 2020). ‘Alexander (Alec).Paterson, youth work and prison reform, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [Available at https://infed.org/mobi/alexander-paterson-youth-work-and-prison-reform/].
Smith, M. K. (2004, 2005, 2014). Extended schools and services – theory, practice and issues’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, https://infed.org/mobi/extended-schools-and-service-theory-practice-and-issues/].
Smith, M. K. (2004). ‘Gertrude Wilson and social group work’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/gertrude-wilson-and-social-group-work/].
Smith, M. K. (2004). ‘Grace Coyle and group work, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/mobi/grace-coyle-and-group-work/].
Smith, M. K. (2004). John Stansfeld (“the Doctor”) and “Oxford in Bermondsey”, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/john-stansfeld-the-doctor-and-oxford-in-bermondsey/].
Smith, M. K. (2004, 2020). Nel Noddings, the ethics of care and education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/nel-noddings-the-ethics-of-care-and-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2004).‘Philip “Tubby” Clayton and TocH’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/revd-philip-tubby-clayton-and-toc-h/].
Smith, M. K. (2004).‘The early development of group work’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-early-development-of-group-work/].
Smith, M. K. (2004). Tom Bryan: association, education and the making of Fircroft College’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/tom-bryan-association-education-and-the-making-of-fircroft-college/].
Smith, M. K. (2004).‘Waldo McGillicuddy Eagar and the making of boys’ clubs’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/waldo-mcgillicuddy-eagar-and-the-making-of-boys/].
Smith, M. K. (2005). ‘Bruce W. Tuckman – forming, storming, norming and performing in groups, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/bruce-w-tuckman-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-in-groups/].
Smith, M. K. (2005). ‘Elliot W. Eisner, connoisseurship, criticism and the art of education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/elliot-w-eisner-connoisseurship-criticism-and-the-art-of-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2005, 2008, 2013, 2020). Exploring social action: A walk in Bermondsey and Rotherhithe, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/exploring-social-action-a-walk-in-bermondsey-and-rotherhithe/].
Smith, M. K. (2005, 2013). ‘Happiness and education – theory, practice and possibility’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/happiness-and-education-theory-practice-and-possibility/].
Smith, M. K. (2005). ‘Parker J. Palmer: community, knowing and spirituality in education’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/parker-j-palmer-community-knowing-and-spirituality-in-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2005).‘Youth Matters – The Green Paper for Youth 2005’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/youth-matters-the-green-paper-on-services-for-youth/].
Smith, M. K. (2006). ‘David Brandon: homelessness, advocacy and Zen in the art of helping’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/david-brandon-homelessness-advocacy-and-mental-health-and-zen-in-the-art-of-helping/].
Smith, M. K. (2006, 2020). ‘George Goetschius, community development and detached youth work, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/george-goetschius-community-development-and-detached-youth-work/].
Smith, Mark K. (2006).’James Gustave Speth, green Jazz, social Jazz and community development’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/james-gustave-speth-green-jazz-social-jazz-and-community-development/].
Smith, M. K. (2007).’Classic studies in informal education – Working with unattached youth’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/classic-studies-working-with-unattached-youth/].
Smith, M. K. (2007). ‘E. Lesley Sewell and youth work’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/e-leslie-sewell-and-youth-work/].
Smith, M. K. (2007, 2020).‘Henrietta Barnett, social reform and community building’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/henrietta-barnett-social-reform-and-community-building/]
Smith, M. K (2007, 2020). ‘M. Joan Tash, youth work, and the development of professional supervision’ The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/m-joan-tash-youth-work-and-the-development-of-professional-supervision/].
Smith, M. K. (2007).‘Peter Willmott, community, family and public policy’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/peter-willmott-community-family-and-public-policy/].
Smith, M. K. (2008). Francis Herbert Stead, Browning Hall and the fight for old age pensions, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. https://infed.org/mobi/frances-herbert-stead-robert-browning-hall-and-the-fight-for-old-age-pensions/].
Smith, Mark K. (2008, 2020).’Octavia Hill: housing, space and social reform’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/octavia-hill-housing-and-social-reform/].
Smith, Mark K. (2008, 2020). ‘Pearl Jephcott, youth and the lives of ordinary people’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/pearl-jephcott-youth-and-the-lives-of-ordinary-people/].
Smith, Mark K. (2008).‘Robert Freed Bales, group observation and interaction processes’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/robert-freed-bales-group-observation-and-interaction-processes/].
Smith, Mark K. (2008).‘Sustainable communities and neighbourhoods. Theory, policy and practice’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/communities/sustainable_communities.htm].
Smith, Mark K. (2008, 2018). ‘What is a group?’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/mobi/what-is-a-group/].
Smith, M. K. (2009). ‘Samuel Smiles and self-help’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/samuel-smiles-and-self-help/].
Smith, Mark K. (2011). ‘Neighbourhoods and regeneration. Theory, practice, issues’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/neighbourhoods-and-regeneration-theory-practice-issues/].
Smith, M. K. (2011). ‘Using focus groups in evaluation and research’, the informal education homepage. [https://infed.org/mobi/using-focus-groups-in-evaluation-and-research/].
Smith, M. K. (2012, 2021). ‘What is pedagogy?’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/what-is-pedagogy/].
Smith, M. K. (2013).‘What is youth work? Exploring the history, theory and practice of youth work’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/mobi/what-is-youth-work-exploring-the-history-theory-and-practice-of-work-with-young-people/].
Smith, M. K. (2014). ‘Mehrgenerationenhäuser – multi-generational meeting houses in Germany’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. www.infed.org/mobi/mehrgenerationenhausen-multigenerational-meeting-houses-animation-care-pedagogy].
Smith, Mark K. (2014). The impact of austerity on schools and children’s education and well-being. The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/the-impact-of-austerity-on-schools-and-childrens-education-and-well-being/].
Smith, M. K. (2015, 2021). What is education? A definition and discussion. The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/what-is-education-a-definition-and-discussion/].
Smith, M. K. (2016, 2019). Animate, care, educate. The core processes of pedagogy, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/animate-care-educate-the-core-processes-of-social-pedagogy/].
Smith, M. K. (2018, 2020). What is learning? The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/learning-theory-models-product-and-process/].
Smith, M. K. (2019). Haltung, pedagogy and informal education, infed.org. [https://infed.org/mobi/haltung-pedagogy-and-informal-education/].
Smith, M. K. (2019).‘Social pedagogy’ in The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education, [https://infed.org/mobi/social-pedagogy-the-development-of-theory-and-practice/].
Smith, M. K. (2020, 2024). Charles Booth – mapping the impact of poverty and acting to improve things, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/charles-booth-and-jacobs-island/].
Smith, M. K. (2020). Pierre Bourdieu on education: Habitus, capital, and field. Reproduction in the practice of education, the encyclopaedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/pierre-bourdieu-habitus-capital-and-field-exploring-reproduction-in-the-practice-of-education].
Smith, M. K. (2020). Naomi Klein: globalization, capitalism, neoliberalism and climate change, infed.org. [https://infed.org/mobi/naomi-klein-globalization-capitalism-neoliberalism-and-climate-change/].
Smith, M. K. (2020). Richard Sennett: Class and the new capitalism, craftsmanship, cooperation and cities, infed.org. [https://infed.org/mobi/richard-sennett-class-the-new-capitalism-craftsmanship-cooperation-and-cities/].
Smith, M. K. (2021). Ruth Kotinsky on adult education and lifelong learning, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/ruth-kotinsky-on-adult-education-and-lifelong-learning/].
Smith, M K. (2024). Exploring Social Action – A walk in Bermondsey and Rotherhithe. The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [Revised and extended using Charles Booth’s poverty maps 1898-99). Earlier editions 2005-2020. [https://infed.org/mobi/exploring-social-action-a-walk-in-bermondsey-and-rotherhithe/].
Smith, M. K. (2024). Understanding the housing crisis in Scotland – and the actions we must take to put things right. The encyclopaedia of pedagogy and informal education. [https://infed.org/mobi/understanding-the-housing-crisis-in-scotland/].